Study on Introduction with a power loom, Important parts & it's driving system.

Name of the experiment: Study on Introduction with a power loom, Important parts & it's driving system.

Objects of the experiment:

1. To know about power loom.
2. To know about yarn path of power loom.
3. To know about important parts of power loom.
4. To know about driving system of power loom.
5. To make a good lab report.

Power loom:

A power loom is a mechanised loom powered by a line shaft, and was one of the key developments in the industrialization of weaving during the early Industrial Revolution. The first power loom was designed in 1784 by Edmund Cartwright and first built in 1785.

Fig:Yarn path of power loom

Important parts: Important parts of power loom...

1. Weaving beam.
2. Beam bracket.
3. Beam barrel.
4. Dead weight.
5. Back rest.
6. Drop wire / Dropper.
7. Contack bar.
8. Healh wire.
9. Heald eye / Heedle.
10. Reed.
11. Temple.
12. Take up roller.
13. Guide roller.
14. Cloth roller.
15. Front roller.
16. Treadle lever.
17. Rocking shaft.
18. Sley.
19. Sley sword.
20. Sley race.
21. Race board.
22. Shuttle box.
23. Reed cap.
24. Shuttle.
25. Picking stick / Arm.
26. Picker.
27. Motor.
28. Motor pulley.
29. Machine pulley.
30. Crank.
31. Crank shaft.
32. Bottom shaft.
33. Shedding device.
34. Crank arm.

Fig:Driving system

Method of Drive: Looms are drive by one of the following two methods:

1. Individual drive.
2. Group drive.

Individual Drive System:

In this modern system each loom has its own electric motor and a starter. The motor may drive the loom through a belt or gears. Individual drive is used for automatic looms and unconventional looms. Now a day it is also used for non-automatic loom.

Advantages of Individual drive system:

1. There is considerably economy of power as power losses are less.
2. In case of motor failure, only a particular loom remains idle and this does not affect the working of other machines.
3. It gives a clear view of the shed and the working hazard being reduced. Cleanliness and lighting are also improved because of elimination of overhead shafts and long belts.
4. Lay out of looms is very easy.
5. Replacement of belt takes very little time as direct drive motor employs grooved pulleys and V belts.

Disadvantages of Individual drive system:

1. High initial cost.
2. High maintenance cost.

Group Drive System:

In this system, very powerful motor drives an overhead shaft (sometimes underground shaft) called main shaft, that runs form one end to other end of the loom shed. This main shaft drives the pulleys on the crank shaft of a loom through flat belts. For starting and stopping the loom, fast and loose pulleys are provided on the crankshaft.

Advantages of group drive system:

1. Economical with respect to fixed charges and maintenance.
2. Initial cost is very low.

Disadvantages of group drive system:

Group drive is obsolete now a day because of the following disadvantages:

1. Shafts, pulleys, belts etc absorb greater power and efficiently is considerably low.
2. In case of motor failure all machines become idle.
3. It gives a clumsy appearance and there are greater chances of accidents. Cleanliness and lighting are badly affected by the presence of overhead shafts and main belts.
4. Gives greater power cost for driving, because of power losses.
5. Lay out is difficult.

Conclusion:

Our teacher and lab assistants are very much helpful to us. Their well teaching and instruction help us greatly to understand this practical. I think this practical will be very helpful in my future career.